Abstract

Author: Chee Kong Yap, Chee Seng Leow, Wing Sum Vincent Leong

Doi: 10.26480/bosoc.02.2025.46.49

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

This study analyzes how age relates to leadership effectiveness according to the FIKR (Facet, Insight, Knowledge, and Resilience) Personality Assessment, with certain traits such as flexibility, emotional intelligence, and cooperative behaviour. The analysis of leaders of different ages shows that age is not a critical determinant of leadership success. Instead, individual traits revealed on the basis of the FIKR assessment and situational factors appear to play a greater role in the determination of leadership effectiveness. The findings are contrary to the traditional assumptions that tie success in leadership to age or experience and suggest that leadership development should focus on building up primary skills and qualities instead of age. The FIKR Personality Test also provides further understanding of personality traits that result in successful leadership.